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Book and Snake

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Book and Snake
FoundedNovember 17, 1863; 161 years ago (1863-11-17)
Sheffield Scientific School, Yale College
TypeSenior secret society
AffiliationIndependent
StatusActive
ScopeLocal
Member badge
Chapters1
NicknameCloister
Cloister Club
Former nameSigma Delta Chi Society
Headquarters145 High Street
New Haven, Connecticut 06511
United States

Book and Snake or The Society of Book and Snake is a secret society for seniors at Yale University.[1] It was established in 1863 and is the fourth-oldest secret society at Yale.[2][1]

History

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Book and Snake 1888 delegation

Sigma Delta Chi Society was established by students at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College on November 17, 1863, as a three-year society.[3][4][5] The society secured rooms on the top floor of a building on College Street and Chapel Street where they held weekly meetings.[6] When it outgrew that space, the society moved to the top floor of 953 Chapel Street.[6][5]

In 1876, the society incorporated in Connecticut as the Stone Trust Corporation so that it could own property and hold money.[3][7][8][9] This name honored Lewis Bridge Stone, an early member of the society.[9] On campus, Sigma Delta Chi changed its name to Book and Snake because its members did not want to be confused with a national fraternity; the group already had the nickname Book and Snake because of its pin.[3][8][10][9] In addition, the society moved to 36 Elm Street and created the first social dormitory at Yale.[6] Member John Hays Hammond named the dormitory Cloister.[9]

Cloister Hall, circa 1900

Because its house was called Cloister, the society received the nickname Cloister Club.[3][8][11][12] The Cloister Club grew to include those who lived at the Cloister, alumni of the society, and honorary members.[8] In 1888, Book and Snake built Cloister Hall, a combined chapter house and dormitory at 1 Hillhouse Avenue, at Grove Street.[6][3][12]

Like other landed Yale societies, Book and Snake built a meeting hall or "tomb" in 1901 that is only accessible to members and alumni.[6] The tomb cost $81,000, including $10,000 for its lot.[9] The society enlarged its dormitory in 1917.[6] However, when Yale started its residential college system in 1933, Book and Snake sold Cloister Hall to the university.[7][6][13] Book and Snake also converted to a senior society in 1933.[7][8]

In 1987, Book and Snake alumni created the Arthur Greer Memorial Prize for Outstanding Scholarly Publication or Research at Yale to honor Arthur Greer, Yale class of 1926.[14] Given to one or two junior faculty members annually, the Greer Award comes with funding for future research and is one of Yale's highest honors.[14]

In 1999, the Stone Trust Corporation's assets totaled $2,474,165.[7] In 2016, Business Insider ranked Book and Snake as the third wealthiest secret society at Yale, with $5,619,120 in assets.[15] According to the Yale Daily News, the society "has a party reputation, with a large number of athletes and fraternity and sorority members."[16]

Symbols and traditions

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Book and Snake uses a mix of ancient and esoteric symbols with meanings known only to its members.[2] Its Tomb is said to be "the perpetual attempt of establishing an official perfect order on earth, a sort of platonic reflection of heavenly secret societies."[9]

In the Sigma Delta Chi era, the group's symbol was a jawless skull that was chained to a cross.[17] The Book and Snake's original badge was an open book displaying the Greek letters ΣΔΧ surrounded by a coiled serpent.[18] It was worn on the member's tie.[10] The modern version of this pin is an open book with an ouroboros on top, and no Greek letters.[17][2][19] It is made of gold and is 1⁄2 by 1⁄2 inch (1.3 by 1.3 cm) in size.[19]

Each member of Book and Snake has a pewter or glass tankard that hangs on a hook in the Tomb's dining room, ready for whenever they return.[19] When a member dies, their tankard is broken or pierced through its bottom.[20][19]

Buildings

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Book and Snake Tomb, 2005

The Book and Snake Tomb is at the corner of Grove Street and High Street in New Haven, adjacent to the Yale Law School and the Beinecke Plaza. The Tomb was deliberately sited with its back to campus and faces across the street to the Egyptian-revival gates of the Grove Street Cemetery.[21][2][12] The Tomb was designed in Greek Ionic style by Louis R. Metcalfe and completed in 1901.[4][6] It is supposed to be the finest replica of a Greek temple in the United States.[22][1]

The windowless Tomb is built of solid white Vermont marble and has a roof of large marble tiles.[17][2][22] It is 60 ft (18 m) long, 42 ft (13 m) wide, and 40 feet (12 m) feet high, including two stories and a gable.[9][23] Its four Ionic pillars, carved from marble, support a triangle-shaped pediment across its front.[17][22][2] Its bronze (originally wooden) front door is modeled after the Erechtheion Temple on the Acropolis in Athens.[4][9]

The Tomb's alcove was built using steel–the first use of steel for a residence in the United States.[9] Another of Metcalfe's innovations was using pipes to take the smoke from the Tomb's furnace to the chimney of a nearby commons building.[9] The iron fence that surrounds the property features wrought-iron snakes or caduceus around posts shaped like flaming torches.[2] In 2021, the society added the sculpture Aspire by Archie Held to its grounds.[24]

Previously, Book and Snake owned a chapter house and dormitory at Sheffield Scientific School known as the Cloister or Cloister Hall.[3][12] H. Edwards Ficken designed the ornate brownstone Cloister which was completed in 1888.[4][13] At the time, it was considered "one of the most picturesque buildings on the Yale campus."[12] The society added a matching rear addition in 1915.[13] Today, the building is called Warner House and is used for the Yale University graduate school and the Yale College Deans offices.[13][25] A plaque honoring the society is on the first floor of the building.

Membership

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Each year, Book and Snakes taps a delegation of sixteen members: eight men and eight women.[19] It was the first secret society on campus to admit women and minorities.[19]

Bill Nelson

Notable members

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Yale Has More Secret Societies Than You Realize. Here's The History". Grunge. 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "The Occult Architecture of Yale University´s "Book & Snake" Secret Society". Richard Cassaro. 2017-06-02. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Stone Trust Corporation. - Social Networks and Archival Context". SNAC Cooperative. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  4. ^ a b c d "Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth. IV. View [index.html] for frames version". www.Dartmoor.com. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  5. ^ a b Havemeyer, Loomis (1958). Sheff Days and Ways: Undergraduate Activities in the Sheffield Scientific School Yale University, 1847-1945. p. 55 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Havemeyer, Loomis (January 1961). Yale's Extracurricular & Social Organizations, 1780-1960 (PDF). New Haven: Yale University. p. 1. Retrieved July 6, 2023 – via EilScholar (Yale University).
  7. ^ a b c d "Tombs and Taps, An inside look at Yale's Fraternities, Sororities and Societies". www.conspiracy archive.com. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Collection: Stone Trust Corporation, Yale University, records". Archives at Yale. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Richards, David Alan (2017-09-05). Skulls and Keys: The Hidden History of Yale's Secret Societies. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-68177-581-4 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ a b "Epsilon Deuteron: Yale University". The Shield. 4 (2). Theta Delta Chi Fraternity: 92. May 1888 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Milstein, Larry (2015-09-02). "Warner House Sees Shake-Up". Yale Daily News. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Yale University". Boston Evening Transcript. Boston, Massachusetts. 1900-08-08. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-07-07 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ a b c d Strahan, Derek (2019-08-16). "The Cloister, New Haven, Connecticut". Lost New England. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  14. ^ a b "Greer Prize Given to Shapiro". Yale Department of Economics. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  15. ^ a b c Jackson, Abby (January 5, 2016). "7 of Yale's super-elite secret societies ranked by wealth". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  16. ^ "Secret societies: tombs and tradition". Yale Daily News. 2002-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  17. ^ a b c d Millegan, Kris, ed. (2003). Fleshing Out Skull & Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society. Trine Day. pp. 410–411. ISBN 978-0972020725.
  18. ^ Baird, Wm Raimond; Brown, James Taylor (1923). Baird's manual of American college fraternities; a descriptive analysis of the fraternity system in the colleges of the United States, with a detailed account of each fraternity (10th ed.). New York: James T. Brown, editor and publisher. p. 716 – via Hathi Trust.
  19. ^ a b c d e f "14k 1895 Yale Book and Snake Society Sigma Delta Chi | #77059532". Worthpoint. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  20. ^ a b Beach, Randall (2012-09-29). "Come with us for a rare glimpse into the mysterious secrets within the walls of Yale's 'tombs' (photos)". New Haven Register. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  21. ^ Ball, Molly; Bell, Emily (2016-05-02). "Behind the walls of Yale's secret societies | Summer 1998". The Yale Herald. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2023-07-06 – via web.archive.org.
  22. ^ a b c Khederian, Robert (2018-06-21). "Tomb raiders: The clubhouses of Yale's secret societies". Curbed. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  23. ^ a b "News and Notes". The Record. 21 (3). Sigma Alpha Epsilon: 229. September 1901 – via Google Books.
  24. ^ Branch, Mark Alden (August 12, 2021). "Secrets revealed!". Yale Alumni Magazine. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  25. ^ "The Graduate School Moved to Warner House". Yale Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  26. ^ a b Cox, Simon (2009-11-03). Decoding The Lost Symbol: The Unauthorized Expert Guide to the Facts Behind the Fiction. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-7261-2.
  27. ^ "Ferdinand Lammot "Peter" Belin, Jr". Postal Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  28. ^ Reviello, Gia L. (2016-09-19). "Community Member Feature: F. Lammot "Peter" Belin Jr". Waverly Community House Archives. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  29. ^ "Mr. F. Lammot Belin Jr. of Washington, D.C." The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. 1935-05-11. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-07-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ Biographical Record, Classes from Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-eight to Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-two of the Sheffield Scientific School. New Haven: Yale University Sheffield Scientific School. 1910. p. 101 – via Google Books.
  31. ^ Times, Special to The New York (1926-05-15). "Bennett Quits Board of Winchester Arms; Former President Retires After 51 Years' Service -- Company Cuts Operation Loss". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  32. ^ Trevelyan, Laura (2016). "The Winchester - Legend of the West". Bloomsbury Collections: xiii–xxii. doi:10.5040/9781350989382.0006. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  33. ^ Bradford, Sarah (2000). America's Queen, Chapter 1. ISBN 0-670-89191-6. Retrieved 2023-07-06. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  34. ^ Bulletin of Yale University: Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1935-1936 (PDF), 33, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University, 1936, pp. 165–6
  35. ^ Xie, Alan R. (April 21, 2015). "At Crossroads: The Ethelbert Cooper Gallery". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  36. ^ "Ethelbert Cooper". coopergallery.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  37. ^ Ryder, David Warren (1962). "Great Citizen": A Biography of William H. Crocker. Historical Publications. p. 42 – via Google Books.
  38. ^ "Col. Eagan of Rye Dies in NYC at 69". The Daily Item. Port Chester, New York. 1967-06-14. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-07-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ Phyfe (1940-03-13). "Henry Ford 2d, Industrialist's Grandson, Becomes Fiance of Miss Anne McDonnell". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  40. ^ "Inside Yale's Secret Societies | the Harvard Voice". Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
  41. ^ Glass, Andrew (2007-01-23). "In Wilderness of Mirrors, Reflections Fade to Gray". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
  42. ^ "Anne D. Holt Engaged to Philip W. Greene; Graduate of Masters School to be Wed to Yale Alumnus". The New York Times. September 15, 1941. p. 14
  43. ^ "Frank Hinkey". www.frankhinkey.com. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  44. ^ Leary, Alex (September 22, 2017). "On the run with Sen. Bill Nelson, no signs of slowing down". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2023-07-06.[dead link‍]
  45. ^ Francis, Arthur Morius (February 20, 2015). Secret Societies Vol. 3: The Collegiate Secret Societies of America. lulu.com. p. 34. ISBN 978-1312932852.
  46. ^ "Ogden Reid Weds Mary L. Stewart". The New York Times. July 10, 1949. p. 53. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  47. ^ "Sutphin Gets Honor". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. 1933-11-01. p. 11. Retrieved 2023-07-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ "Samuel Sutphin, Scott Paper Executive, 76". The New York Times. 1988-05-27. p. D19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  49. ^ Robbins, Alexandra (11 May 2012). "All the Protégé's Men". The New York Times.
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